Basic Camera Functions
- Telephoto Lens - It brings far away objects near. Can be used for photographic wildlife and landscapes, as animals tend to flee or can be dangerous, where as landscapes can be rather large and its easier to take it from a distance and bring closer.
- Wide Angled Lens - Creates a depth of field for the image, is used for highlighting foreground objects and fading out the background so it is out of focus. This lens is used in landscape photograph.
- Fish Eye Lens - Creates a rounded photograph, making the centre of the image stand out and the part around the centre being the sides appears as it is pushed back.
- Macro Lens - Works just like the macro function on the camera; zooms into the photograph really far and is able to show much more detail. A macro lens creates a better photograph than the macro function on the camera.
- Overexposure: Where the photograph is too light, because too much light reaches the sensor; as a result some details of the photograph are bleached out.
- Underexposure: Where the photograph is too dark, because not enough light reaches the sensor, as a result the photograph is too dark and the details cannot be seen.
- In order to take a good photograph, the right amount of light needs to reach the sensor in order for the details to be visible but not bleached out. This process is called exposure. The amount of light that reaches the sensor is controlled by a combination of the shutter speed and the light sensitivity of the image sensor.
Shutter Speed
- Depending on the shutter speed the sensor can take in more or less light, resulting in a different photograph all together.
- A slow shutter speed is generally used to capture movement and can often seem blurry. This is because the movement is being tracked because the shutter slowly closes.
- A fast shutter speed is used to capture stillness because the transition between the shutter opening and closing is very fast. It is generally used for photographing fast moving people or animals, e.g. in sport and wildlife.
Depth of Field
- Depth of field is what is in focus in the photograph, consisting of shallow depth of field and deep depth of field.
- Shallow depth of field: Where the foreground is in focus and the background is not in focus, meaning that part of the image is not in focus.
- Deep depth of field: Where all of the photograph is in focus, no part is more detailed than any other, both the foreground and the background are in focus.
Aperture
- Aperture is where more or less light can be let in depending on the width (Apertures are measured in f-stops, a smaller aperture has a wider opening.) You would choose how much light to let in depending on the environment and the light available (in the same way that your pupil reacts to how much light can enter by changing the size of the hole.)
- F/16 is the smallest width and lets in the least amount of light.
- F/2 is the largest width and lets in the most amount of light.
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